Stone
Age The
first traces of human habitation in the future Romania
8000
BC The
country is home to settled communities who make treir living from farming and
hunting
3000
BC The
Thracians, a group of Indo-European tribes, travel from Asia and ocuppy the
future Romania
2000
BC A
Thracian sub-group emerges and becomes known to the Romans as the Dacians,
while the Greeks refer them as the Getae
700
BC The
Greeks begin to estabilish trading colonies, particularly along the Black Sea
coast. Western-style civilization begins to develop
82-44
BC Burebista
rules Dacia, ancient Romania
AD
100 Dacia
civilization reaches its zenith
101-102
The
Romans invade Dacia
256-
Romans
pull out of Dacia as a result of Barbarian invasions
4th
century The Daco-Roman Latin-speaking people adopt
Christianity
1000
Three
distinct principalities Moldavia, Wallachia and Transylvania, emerge, the
latter begin under Hungarian and German control
12th
century Saxon settlers from Germany start to estabilish
towns in Transylvania, at the behest of the King of Hungary
1448,1456-62,1476
The
three reigns of Vlad Țepeș (Vlad the Impaler), the Wallachian ruler who would
subsequently inspire the Dracula myth.
1457-1504
Reign
of Moldavian Prince Ștefan cel Mare (Stephen the Great). He builds monasteries
to commemorate his many victories on the battlefield.
1600
The
three principalities are united for the first time, for six mounths,by Mihai
Viteazul (Michael the Brave.)
17th
century Having triumphed over the Ottomans, the Austrian
Habsburgs try yo increase their own empire, and seize Transylvania
1718
The
Habsburgs occupy Oltenia, in Wallachia, for almost 20 years.
1775
Habsburgs
gain control of Bucovina.
1812
Basarabia,
in Moldavia, is seisez by the Russians
1848
The
country is engulfed in the wave of European revolutions stirring liberal,
nationalist and socialist movements. In Romania, a burgeoning bourgeoisie calls
for a united country. Transylvania comes under the direct rule of Hungary.
1859
Moldavia
and Wallachia unite, led by Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza.
1866
Cuza
abdicates, and is succeeded by a German of the Hohenzollern-Sigmringen house,
Prince Carol I.
1877-8
Romania
fights with Russia against the Turks
1878
The
Treaty of Berlin recognizes the complete independence of the principalities of
Romania
1881
The
country becomes a kingdom, with Carol I on the throne.
1914
King
Carol I dies, and is succeeded by his nephew King Ferdinand I.
1916
Romania
enters World War I, fighten on the side of the Allies.
1918
Romania
is forced to negotiate peace with Germany, before subsequently rejoining the
war. The close of hostilities sees Romania awarded territory that doubles its
size and population.
Interwar
period România
Mare, a period of cultural, political and architectural advancement fot the
country. However, tension surrounding the ethic minorities its increasing, and
with it comes the growth of Fascism.
1930 Carol
II succeeds his father, Ferdinand, as king.
1938 Under
pressure from the rise of Fascism, King Carol II abolishes parliament and
declares a dictorship.
1940 Romania
cedes territories to both Hungary and the USSR. Military General Ion Antonescu
forces the king to step down in favour of his son, Prince Mihai. Antonescu,
however, assumes power himself.
1941
Aiming to retrive the area lost to the URSS, Romania joins World War II on the
side of Germans.
1944 Having
won the backing of pro-Allied politicians including the Communists, King Mihai
has Antonescu arrested. Romania switches sides to join the Allies.
1945 At
the end of teh war, the leaders of the victorious nations, Franklin D
Roosevelt, Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin, meet at the Yalta Conference.
Their division of post-war Europe hands Romania to the Russians.
1947 Romania
gets Transylvania back from Hungary. After a gradual seizing of power, the
Communists force King Mihai to abdicate. They proclaim a Communist People’s
Republic.
1953 Joseph Stalin dies. Romania starts to
distance itself from Moscow.
1965 The
prime minister and the Communist Party leader Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej dies, to
be succeeded by Nicolae Ceaușescu
1966 The
spelling of the country’s name officially changed from Rumania
to Romania.
1971
Following
a tour of China, North Korea and Vietnam, Ceaușescu adopts a more stringent brand of Communism. He
instils a personality cult and starts to have a large areas demolished in a
process of systematisation.
1977 Bucharest
is rocked by an earthquacke which kills around 1,500 people.
1980 Ceaușescu’s
determination to pay off the national debt and enthusiasm for vanity projects
sees a huge amount of Romania goods exported, leaving the country in severe
deprivation.
1989
The
Romanian Revolution sees a week of rebellion and riots that culminate in the
show trial and execution of Nicolae Ceaușescu and Elena Ceaușescu.
1990 Former
Communist official Ion Iliescu seisez power. He summons the country’s
miners to violently suppress academics who protest again ex-Communists returning to office.
1991 Low
salaries and the high cost of living prompt miner’s riots. The
government collapses.
1996
Centre-right
Romanian Democratic Convention (CDR) beats the ex-Communists (PSD) in the
general election.
1997
The
CDR initiates major reforms and opens Securitate (Communist Secret Police)
files.
1999
The
European Union invites Romania to begin negotiations on the country’s
accession.
2000
Iliescu
is re-elected, beating the other presidential finalist, far-right candidate
Corneliu Vadim Tudor.
2002
Romania
receives official invitation to join NATO.
2004
Romania
joins NATO. PSD loses general election to Justice and Truth Alliance. Iliescu
is replaced as president by Traian Băsescu,
mayor of Bucharest.
2007 After
a postponement due to political upheaval at home, Romania holds its first ever
elections for the European Parliament.
2009 As
Romania struggles to deal with the deleterious effects of the global financial
crisis, Băsescu narrowly beats PSD candidate Mircea Geoană in the presidential
election to secure a second term.
2014 Romania’s
prospective adoption of the Euro.
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